New Moped Registration Rules Effective in Brazil

As of January 1, 2026, new regulations regarding the registration, licensing, and operation of mopeds are enforceable throughout Brazil. These rules, established by a resolution from the National Traffic Council (Contran) approved in June 2023, aim to standardize vehicle documentation and safety equipment usage.

Under the new legislation, riding without proper documentation is classified as a gravíssima (very serious) infraction, punishable by a fine of R$ 293.47 and immediate vehicle seizure. The regulations apply to vehicles defined as having two or three wheels with specific engine limitations. State traffic departments (Detrans) are responsible for managing the registration process, which may vary slightly by location.

Key changes include mandatory emplacamento (licensing), the requirement for a driver's license in categories A or ACC, and the compulsory use of helmets. Additionally, the resolution introduces definitions for electric bicycles and self-propelled vehicles. In states like Mato Grosso, owners may also be subject to an annual vehicle tax (IPVA) of 1%.

The new rules strictly define what constitutes a moped to distinguish it from motorcycles. A vehicle is classified as a moped if it meets specific criteria regarding engine power and speed. If a vehicle exceeds these limits, it is automatically reclassified as a motorcycle or motorbike, subjecting it to a completely different set of regulations.

To operate a moped legally under the new laws, riders must possess a valid driver's license in one of two categories: Category A (motorcycles) or Category ACC (Authorization to Drive Moped). Furthermore, the use of a helmet is mandatory for both the driver and any passengers.

The technical definitions for a moped include:

• Internal combustion engine up to 50cc (commonly known as "fifties").
• Electric motor with a maximum power of 4 kW.
• Final speed limited to 50 km/h.

It is important to note that while the requirement for registration is federal, the specific procedures are handled by state Detrans offices. Consequently, regulations regarding taxes such as the IPVA can vary; for example, Mato Grosso has established an IPVA quota of 1% for these vehicles.

Beyond traditional mopeds, the resolution also establishes clear definitions for other micromobility vehicles, including electric bicycles and self-propelled equipment. These definitions help regulate the growing market for personal transport devices and ensure safety standards are met.

A standard bicycle is defined as a vehicle with two wheels propelled by human power. An electric bicycle shares this characteristic but includes an auxiliary propulsion motor. To qualify as an electric bicycle, the vehicle must meet specific conditions:

• Maximum motor power of 1 kW (1,000 watts).
• Motor must only function when the user is pedaling.
• No throttle mechanism is permitted.
• Maximum propulsion speed of 32 km/h.

Additionally, the rules define self-propelled vehicles. These are equipment with one or more wheels that may or may not have an automatic balancing system. They are characterized by a motor of no more than 1 kW, a maximum manufacturing speed of 32 km/h, a width not exceeding 70 cm, and a wheelbase of up to 130 cm.

Registering a moped generally begins online through the respective state's Detran website, though the final step requires an in-person visit. Owners must present a specific set of documents to complete the process. The required documentation includes the vehicle's invoice or a declaration of origin stating the motor power, the owner's identification with CPF or CNPJ, and the Certificate of Adequacy to Traffic Legislation (CAT).

Applicants must also provide the specific code for the vehicle's make, model, and version, along with an inspection report containing the engine number. For vehicles manufactured or imported after July 3, 2023, the manufacturer is responsible for issuing the CAT and the specific vehicle code.

However, for older models where this code is unavailable, owners must present a Vehicle Safety Certificate (CSV). This certificate includes the VIN (Vehicle Identification Number), a 17-character code found on the moped. The CSV is issued following an inspection by Technical Institutions Licensed (ITLs) accredited by Inmetro.

The resolution outlines a strict penalty system for non-compliance. Fines are categorized based on the severity of the infraction. Operating a moped without documentation or proper licensing is considered a gravíssima infraction, resulting in a fine of R$ 293.47 and the retention of the vehicle.

Specific violations and their associated penalties include:

• Driving without a helmet or transporting a passenger without a helmet: Fine of R$ 293.47, 7 points on the license, and suspension of the license.
• Driving on sidewalks or bike paths (unless authorized): Fine of R$ 880.41 and 7 points.
• Driving on highways or fast-traffic roads (where not permitted): Fine of R$ 293.47 and 7 points.
• Driving in unauthorized locations: Fine of R$ 130.16 and 4 points.

There are exemptions to these rules. The regulations do not apply to vehicles used exclusively off-road, those intended for competition, or equipment designed for the mobility of persons with disabilities or reduced mobility.