How to Set Up an FTP Server on Linux for Home Projects

Flash drives are gradually becoming a thing of the past, and cloud storage does not always suit home projects and experiments. Sometimes, a simple and predictable method of file exchange is needed—without subscriptions, limits, or unnecessary infrastructure. An FTP server is one of the simplest options for solving this task. It does not require complex infrastructure, minimally loads the system, and is supported by virtually any client.

This article provides a step-by-step guide to deploying an FTP server on a VPS running Debian 12 using vsftpd (Very Secure FTP Daemon). The focus is on using the UltraVDS platform, but the instructions are applicable to any Debian-based environment. The goal is to establish a reliable file-sharing system that remains under complete user control without recurring costs or bandwidth restrictions.

Traditional storage methods are losing relevance for hobbyists and developers. Flash drives are prone to failure and loss, while commercial cloud services often impose strict limits and require ongoing subscriptions. For users who need a reliable, self-managed solution, an FTP server offers a compelling alternative.

The vsftpd software is specifically designed to address these needs. It provides a lightweight, secure daemon that runs efficiently on modest hardware. Key advantages include:

• No subscription fees or usage limits
• Full control over data and access
• Minimal system resource consumption
• Universal client compatibility

By deploying this software on a VPS like UltraVDS, users gain a persistent, accessible storage point for their files.

Before beginning the installation, specific environment requirements must be met. The primary requirement is a functioning server instance running Debian 12. While the guide references UltraVDS as the provider, any VPS provider offering Debian 12 images will suffice.

Access to the server requires a terminal client and valid SSH credentials. Once logged in, the system should be updated to ensure all packages are current. This preparation step prevents compatibility issues during the vsftpd installation process.

The Very Secure FTP Daemon is the core component of this setup. Its reputation for security and stability makes it the standard choice for Linux-based FTP services. The following sections will detail the specific commands and configuration changes required to activate the service.

The installation process begins with updating the package repository and installing the vsftpd package. This is typically done using the standard package manager. Once installed, the daemon requires configuration to suit the specific needs of a home project environment.

Configuration involves editing the main configuration file, usually located at /etc/vsftpd.conf. Critical settings to adjust include:

1. Enabling local user login capabilities
2. Restricting users to their home directories (chroot)
3. Configuring passive mode for better firewall compatibility
4. Setting up user accounts with specific permissions

After saving the configuration changes, the vsftpd service must be restarted to apply the new settings. Proper configuration ensures that the server is secure and functions exactly as needed for file transfers.

With the server running, the final step is connecting from a client machine. Most operating systems include a built-in FTP client, or users can opt for third-party applications like FileZilla. The connection details required are the server's IP address, the username, and the password established during the setup.

Once connected, the user can upload, download, and manage files directly. This setup provides a predictable and simple method of file exchange, fulfilling the original goal of replacing unreliable flash drives and restrictive cloud storage with a self-controlled solution.