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ActionAid repense le parrainage d'enfants
Society

ActionAid repense le parrainage d'enfants

The Guardian5h ago
3 min de lecture
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Points clés

  • Les nouveaux coprésidents d'ActionAid UK, Taahra Ghazi et Hannah Bond, ont lancé un plan pour "décoloniser" les activités de l'organisation.
  • La charité repense son schéma traditionnel de parrainage d'enfants, lancé en 1972.
  • Le modèle original se concentrait sur la recherche de parrains pour les écoliers en Inde et au Kenya.
  • La nouvelle direction affirme que le parrainage traditionnel peut comporter des sous-entendus racialistes et paternalistes.
  • L'objectif est de passer d'une aide basée sur la sympathie vers un financement à long terme ancré dans les communautés locales et une solidarité mondiale.
  • ActionAid vise à favoriser des partenariats avec des mouvements mondiaux plutôt que de se concentrer sur la sélection individuelle d'enfants.

Résumé rapide

ActionAid UK entreprend un changement stratégique majeur, s'éloignant de son modèle traditionnel de parrainage d'enfants dans le cadre d'un effort plus large pour décoloniser ses opérations. Les nouveaux coprésidents-directeurs de la charité, Taahra Ghazi et Hannah Bond, ont annoncé ce plan transformateur alors qu'ils lancent leur co-direction ce mois-ci.

Cette initiative vise à changer fondamentalement la manière dont l'organisation aborde l'aide internationale. Plutôt que de maintenir la pratique de longue date permettant aux donateurs individuels de sélectionner des enfants spécifiques à soutenir, la nouvelle direction prône un modèle fondé sur le partenariat et la solidarité. Ce mouvement signale une réévaluation critique des méthodes en place depuis la création de la charité.

Le contexte historique

ActionAid a été fondée en 1972 avec une mission centrée sur l'éducation. Le modèle initial de l'organisation consistait à trouver des parrains pour les écoliers en Inde et au Kenya, une méthode qui est devenue un pilier du financement du développement international pendant des décennies. Cette approche permettait aux donateurs des nations plus riches d'établir un lien direct et personnel avec un enfant dans un pays en développement.

Cependant, les nouveaux coprésidents remettent maintenant en question l'impact à long terme et les récits sous-jacents de ce modèle. Les origines de la charité en 1972 ont établi un cadre qui privilégiait la sympathie individuelle. La direction actuelle estime que ce cadre nécessite une transformation fondamentale pour s'aligner sur les conceptions modernes d'un travail de développement efficace et équitable.

Le modèle historique reposait sur une dynamique spécifique entre le donateur et le bénéficiaire. La nouvelle vision cherche à démanteler cette hiérarchie, en passant à un système où le soutien est dirigé vers les communautés et les mouvements de base plutôt que vers une sélection individuelle.

"Les schémas de parrainage d'enfants qui permettent aux donateurs de choisir eux-mêmes les enfants à soutenir dans les pays pauvres peuvent comporter des sous-entendus racialistes et paternalistes et doivent être transformés."

— Taahra Ghazi et Hannah Bond, Coprésidents-directeurs, ActionAid UK

Critique du parrainage traditionnel

Les nouveaux coprésidents ont explicitement identifié les dommages potentiels inhérents aux schémas traditionnels de parrainage d'enfants. Ils affirment que les systèmes permettant aux donateurs de choisir eux-mêmes les enfants à soutenir dans les pays pauvres peuvent perpétuer des dynamiques nuisibles. Ces dynamiques sont décrites comme comportant des sous-entendus racialistes et paternalistes, qui peuvent renforcer les structures de pouvoir inégales entre le Nord et le Sud global.

La critique se concentre sur le récit de la sympathie plutôt que de la solidarité. Lorsqu'un donateur sélectionne un enfant, la relation est souvent cadrée à travers un prisme de charité et de pitié. Cela peut involontairement priver les communautés soutenues de leur agence et centrer les sentiments du donateur sur les besoins réels de la communauté.

Les schémas de parrainage d'enfants qui permettent aux donateurs de choisir eux-mêmes les enfants à soutenir dans les pays pauvres peuvent comporter des sous-entendus racialistes et paternalistes et doivent être transformés.

L'objectif est de dépasser ces récits problématiques. En déplaçant le focus, ActionAid vise à favoriser un sentiment d'humanité partagée et de respect mutuel. Cela implique de reconnaître l'expertise et le leadership déjà présents dans les communautés qu'ils servent, plutôt que de positionner les donateurs externes comme les principaux agents de changement.

Une nouvelle vision pour l'aide 🌍

Taahra Ghazi et Hannah Bond défendent une nouvelle direction centrée sur le financement à long terme ancré dans les communautés locales. Au lieu d'orienter les fonds vers des enfants individuels, l'organisation prévoit d'acheminer les ressources vers des initiatives dirigées par la communauté et des mouvements locaux. Cette approche est conçue pour créer un changement durable et systémique qui profite à l'ensemble des communétés.

Ce changement est présenté comme un passage d'un modèle de sympathie à un modèle de solidarité. La solidarité implique un partenariat où les organisations externes soutiennent les efforts locaux plutôt que de les dicter. Cela s'aligne sur les mouvements mondiaux croissants qui prônent la décolonisation de l'aide et la redistribution du pouvoir aux acteurs locaux.

  • Réorienter les fonds vers les organisations de base
  • Soutenir les projets de développement dirigés par la communauté
  • Construire des partenariats avec les mouvements locaux
  • Changer les dynamiques de pouvoir dans l'aide internationale

Cette nouvelle vision nécessite une refonte complète des stratégies opérationnelles et de collecte de fonds. L'organisation doit maintenant communiquer la valeur de l'action collective et de l'investissement systémique à sa base de donateurs, en s'éloignant du récit émotionnellement convaincant mais potentiellement problématique de "sauver un seul enfant".

Implications pour le secteur

La décision d'ActionAid représente un moment important pour le secteur plus large du développement international. En tant que grande charité fondée sur le modèle de parrainage d'enfants, son pivot pourrait influencer d'autres organisations à réexaminer leurs propres pratiques. Ce mouvement met en lumière un consensus croissant selon lequel les modèles d'aide traditionnels nécessitent une révision critique.

La transition ne sera pas sans défis. Changer un modèle de collecte de fonds profondément ancré nécessite une communication soigneuse avec les parrains et les parties prenantes existantes. L'organisation doit démontrer que le nouveau modèle, plus abstrait, de financement communautaire peut être aussi efficace et impactant que la connexion personnelle du parrainage d'enfants.

En fin de compte, ce changement place ActionAid UK à l'avant-garde d'un mouvement vers des pratiques de développement plus éthiques et équitables. En s'attaquant aux héritages coloniaux au sein de l'industrie de l'aide, la charité se positionne comme un leader dans la création d'un avenir où les partenariats mondiaux sont bâtis sur le respect et le pouvoir partagé.

Perspectives d'avenir

La direction de Taahra Ghazi et Hannah Bond marque une nouvelle ère pour ActionAid, une ère définie par l'introspection et le changement structurel. Leur engagement à décoloniser les activités de l'organisation est une étape audacieuse qui remet en cause le statu quo de l'aide internationale. Le focus est maintenant sur la construction d'un modèle durable qui respecte la dignité et l'agence de toutes les communautés impliquées.

Alors que le plan se déploie, le secteur du développement observera de près. Le succès de cette transition pourrait fournir un modèle pour d'autres charités cherchant à moderniser leurs approches. Elle souligne une évolution critique dans notre manière de penser la responsabilité mondiale et les mécanismes de soutien.

Le parcours du parrainage d'enfants de 1972 jusqu'à l'actuel focus sur la solidarité communautaire illustre une transformation profonde. Il s'agit d'un mouvement vers un modèle d'aide

#Global development#Aid#Humanitarian response#Charities#Charitable giving#Society#Feminism#World news#Africa#Americas#Asia Pacific

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