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تحقيق الكارثة السككية: قضيب مكسور أم عربة مهجورة؟
Accidents

تحقيق الكارثة السككية: قضيب مكسور أم عربة مهجورة؟

El País5h ago
3 دقيقة قراءة
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حقائق رئيسية

  • اعترف وزير النقل أوسكار بوينتي بإمكانية "لا يمكن إنكارها" أن عيوب المسار تسببت في الحادث في آدموز، قرطبة.
  • اكتشف المحققون "موردسكوس" - علامات عض واضحة - على أنظمة عجلات قطار إيريو المتعثر وغيره من القطارات التي استخدمت المسار نفسه.
  • أسفر الحادث عن 43 حالة وفاة، مما يجعله واحدًا من أكثر الكوارث السككية دموية في التاريخ الحديث.
  • أكد الوزير بوينتي صراحةً أن الخطأ البشري هو الفرضية الوحيدة المستبعدة حاليًا من التحقيق.
  • وجدت السلطات "عربة مهجورة" في موقع الحادث، وهي قيد التحليل كدليل رئيسي.
  • نفى الوزير أي صلة بين الكارثة وتحرير قطاع السكك الحديدية أو نقص الاستثمار في البنية التحتية.

ملخص سريع

دخل التحقيق في الحادث السككية المدمر في آدموز، قرطبة - والذي أودى بحياة 43 شخصًا - مرحلة حرجة. تركز السلطات الآن على كل تفصيل تقني لتحديد سبب الكارثة بدقة.

اعترف وزير النقل أوسكار بوينتي علنًا بأن الأدلة تشير إلى فشل محتمل في البنية التحتية للسكك الحديدية نفسها. ومع ذلك، يظل التحقيق مفتوحًا على نطاق واسع، رافضًا استبعاد أي عامل آخر غير الخطأ البشري.

نظرية عيب المسار

سلط الوزير بوينتي الضوء على اكتشاف محدد ومقلق يتعلق بسلامة المسار. خلال كلمته يوم الأربعاء، لاحظ أن المحققين وجدوا "موردسكوس" واضحة - علامات عض أو جروح - على أنظمة عجلات قطار إيريو المتعثر.

لم تكن هذه العلامات محصورة في المركبة المتضررة. أكد المسؤولون أن أنماط تآكل مماثلة تم اكتشافها على قطارات أخرى مرت على نفس المسار قبل الحادث. وهذا يشير إلى مشكلة نظامية في قطاع السكك الحديدية بدلاً من فشل ميكانيكي فردي.

هناك "إمكانية لا يمكن إنكارها" أن سبب الحادث يكمن في عيب في المسار.

وجود هذه العلامات يدل على أن العجلات كانت تتفاعل مع القضبان بطريقة غير طبيعية، مما قد يسبب اهتزازات شديدة كانت غير طبيعية لعمليات السكك الحديدية القياسية.

"هناك 'إمكانية لا يمكن إنكارها' أن سبب الحادث يكمن في عيب في المسار."

— أوسكار بوينتي، وزير النقل

تعقيد التحقيق

على الرغم من الأدلة القوية حول المسار، فإن المسؤولين يتعاملون مع هذا على أنه تحقيق متعدد الجوانب. أكد بوينتي أن الحادث من تعقيد "لم يسبق له مثيل" في تاريخ شبكة السكك الحديدية في البلاد.

يقوم المحققون بفحص مجموعة واسعة من العوامل المساعدة المحتملة. يشمل نطاق التحقيق:

  • تحليل "موردسكوس" على أنظمة العجلات
  • مراجعة بيانات الاهتزازات من قطاع المسار
  • فحص "العربة المهجورة" التي تم العثور عليها في الموقع
  • تقييم جميع المكونات الميكانيكية والهيكليّة

من المهم أن يؤكد الوزير مرة أخرى أن الخطأ البشري هو الفرضية الوحيدة المستبعدة حاليًا من التحقيق. يظل التركيز على الشذوذات التقنية والبنية التحتية فقط.

دحض العوامل الخارجية

في بيانه، سعى الوزير بوينتي إلى تفنيد التكهنات التي تربط الكارثة بتغييرات صناعية أوسع نطاقًا. رفض صراحةً فكرة أن الحادث كان نتيجة لتحرير قطاع السكك الحديدية أو نقص الاستثمار.

جادل الوزير بأن توقيت الحادث لا يجب أن يتم الخلط بينه وبين التحولات السياسية أو الاقتصادية. من خلال الإصرار على أن التحقيق مفتوح لجميع الاحتمالات التقنية، تهدف الوزارة إلى الحفاظ على نهج خبري بحت للكارثة.

يركز التحقيق على الأدلة المادية الموجودة في الموقع، وتحديدًا على التفاعل بين المركبات السككية والمسار الدائم، بدلاً من البيئة التشغيلية أو التنظيمية المحيطة بشبكة السكك الحديدية.

الأدلة والنتائج الرئيسية

يوجه التحليل الخبري حاليًا قطعتان رئيسيتان من الأدلة المادية. الأولى هي فرضية عيب المسار

الثاني هو اكتشاف عربة - مجموعة الهيكل السفلي للقطار - التي وجدت منفصلة عن الحطام الرئيسي. يحلل المحققون هذا المكون لتحديد ما إذا كان قد فشل قبل الانحراف عن المسار أو تم إزالته أثناء الاصطدام.

يقدم الجمع بين هذه النتائح لغزًا معقدًا. تشير "موردسكوس" إلى تدهور أو عدم محاذاة طويلة الأمد، بينما تشير العربة المنفصلة إلى فشل ميكانيكي كارثي في لحظة الحادث.

النظرة إلى الأمام

لا يزال التحقيق في كارثة آدموز بعيدًا عن الانتهاء. بينما تشير الأدلة بقوة إلى عيب مرتبط بالمسار

لعائلات 43 ضحية والجمهور الأوسع، الأولوية هي الوضوح والمساءلة. ومع استمرار فرق التقنيين في عملها، من المرجح أن تكون النتائح ذات تأثير كبير على معايير السلامة السككية وبروتوكولات صيانة البنية التحتية عبر الشبكة.

ستكون الأسابيع القادمة حاسمة مع اكتمال تحليل البيانات وإعداد التقرير النهائي. وحتى ذلك الحين، تظل "إمكانية" وجود قضيب مكسور هي الواجهة الأكثر بروزًا في هذا التحقيق المأساوي.

أسئلة متكررة

ما هي النظرية الرئيسية وراء حادث السكك الحديدية؟

النظرية الرئيسية قيد التحقيق هي أن عيبًا في مسار السكك الحديدية تسبب في الانحراف عن المسار. أشار وزير النقل أوسكار بوينتي إلى وجود "موردسكوس" (علامات) على عجلات قطار إيريو والقطارات الأخرى التي مرت عبر المنطقة، مما يشير إلى مشكلة نظامية في البنية التحتية.

هل تم استبعاد الخطأ البشري؟

نعم، أكد الوزير بوينتي صراحةً أن الخطأ البشري هو الفرضية الوحيدة المستبعدة حاليًا من التحقيق. تركز السلطات بالكامل على العوامل التقنية والهيكليّة.

ما هي الأدلة التي يتم تحليلها؟

تتضمن الأدلة الرئيسية "موردسكوس" الموجودة على أنظمة عجلات القطارات، وتقارير عن اهتزازات غير طبيعية على المسار، وعربة مهجورة تم استعادتها من موقع الحادث. يفحص المحققون هذه المكونات لتحديد تسلسل الأحداث.

#España#Accidente trenes Adamuz#Renfe#Adif#Iryo#Óscar Puente Santiago#Seguridad ferroviaria#Rodalies Catalunya

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