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Laure de Chantal sur l'héritage durable de Sappho
Culture

Laure de Chantal sur l'héritage durable de Sappho

El Mundo21h ago
3 min de lecture
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Points Clés

  • Laure de Chantal est une philologue classique qui a écrit une biographie intitulée 'Las nueve vidas de Safo'.
  • Le livre explore comment l'image de Sappho a été réinterprétée à travers différentes périodes historiques, de la Grèce antique à l'époque moderne.
  • Pendant la Renaissance, Sappho était considérée comme une figure classique idéale, un contraste frappant avec sa réputation médiévale de sorcière païenne.
  • L'œuvre de De Chantal débunk spécifiquement la légende célèbre du suicide de Sappho en sautant de la falaise de Leucade.
  • La biographe soutient que l'attrait durable de Sappho réside dans son incarnation des idéaux païens comme l'amour libre et la splendeur humaine.

Les multiples visages de Sappho

L'ancienne poétesse grecque Safo de Lesbos reste l'une des figures les plus énigmatiques et adaptables de l'histoire. Pendant des siècles, son héritage a été un miroir, reflétant les valeurs et les angoisses de chaque époque. Aujourd'hui, la philologue classique Laure de Chantal examine ce phénomène dans son œuvre biographique, Las nueve vidas de Safo.

La recherche de De Chantal révèle un récit captivant de réinvention. L'identité de Sappho a été fluide, passant d'une muse vénérée dans l'Antiquité à une figure condamnée au Moyen Âge, pour finalement devenir une icône célébrée dans la culture contemporaine. La biographie aborde et dissipe systématiquement les légendes tenaces qui ont obscurci la véritable influence de la poétesse.

De la Muse au Mythe

La transformation de la persona publique de Sappho a commencé dans l'Antiquité. Platon, le philosophe renommé, l'a célèbrement désignée comme la décima musa, ou dixième muse, la plaçant parmi les inspirations divines des arts. Cette vénération classique, cependant, n'a pas perduré. Au fil des siècles, en particulier pendant la Période Médiévale, sa réputation a subi un tournant dramatique et sombre.

Au Moyen Âge, Sappho a été reconvertie en une bruja pagana, ou sorcière païenne. Cette réinterprétation a servi à réprimer sa célébration de l'amour libre et de l'autonomie féminine. L'évolution s'est poursuivie au cours des siècles suivants, démontrant sa résonance culturelle remarquable :

  • Antiquité : Célébrée comme la 'dixième muse' par Platon.
  • Ère Médiévale : Reconvertie en une sorcière païenne dangereuse.
  • Renaissance : Adoptée comme un modèle de perfection classique.
  • XIXe siècle : Réimaginée comme une 'femme fatale' tragique.
  • Jour moderne : Adoptée comme une icône pour les mouvements féministes et LGBT.

"Safo condensa todo cuanto puede seducir del paganismo: el amor libre, la belleza, lo humano en todo su esplendor"

— Laure de Chantal, Philologue Classique

Démystification des Légendes Anciennes

Un axe central du travail de De Chantal est l'examen critique des mythes qui ont collé à la biographie de Sappho. L'une des histoires les plus persistantes et dramatiques est celle de son suicide. La légende veut que dans ses dernières années, la poétesse se soit jetée de la falaise de Leucade, le cœur brisé par un amour non partagé pour un homme plus jeune. Ce récit de passion tragique a été un pilier de son histoire pendant des générations.

La recherche de De Chantal remet en question ce récit et d'autres histoires apocryphales, arguant qu'ils obscurcissent une réalité plus complexe et puissante. La biographe soutient que la véritable signification de Sappho ne réside pas dans le folklore tragique, mais dans son incarnation des idéaux païens. Comme le dit De Chantal, Sappho condensa todo cuanto puede seducir del paganismo: el amor libre, la belleza, lo humano en todo su esplendor. Elle représente une synthèse de tout ce qui peut séduire dans le paganisme : l'amour libre, la beauté, l'humain dans toute sa splendeur.

Un Humanisme Intemporel

Au-delà des mythes, De Chantal présente Sappho comme une figure d'un humanisme profond et durable. Sa poésie, bien que des fragments subsistent, parle d'émotions universelles avec une intensité qui transcende le temps. La biographe soutient que l'attrait de Sappho n'est pas seulement historique ou académique ; il est profondément personnel et résonne avec les lecteurs modernes qui cherchent l'authenticité et l'honnêteté émotionnelle.

Cet pouvoir durable explique son adoption récente comme symbole pour les mouvements contemporains. Sa célébration de l'amour sous ses multiples formes et son expression sans concession du désir féminin en ont fait une figure puissante pour les communautés féministes et LGBT. Elle n'est pas seulement une relique du passé, mais une voix qui continue de défier et d'inspirer.

La Neuvième Vie

Le titre du livre de De Chantal, Las nueve vidas de Safo, capture à merveille le parcours remarquable de la poétesse à travers l'histoire. Elle a été une muse, une sorcière, un idéal classique, une femme fatale, et maintenant un symbole moderne. Chaque incarnation révèle autant sur la société qui l'a créée que sur Sappho elle-même.

En fin de compte, l'œuvre suggère que le véritable héritage de Sappho est sa résilience. En dépouillant les couches de mythe, De Chantal permet au cœur du génie de Sappho de briller à travers : une voix humaine puissante qui continue de séduire et d'inspirer. Sa neuvième vie, en tant qu'icône contemporaine, peut être sa plus transformatrice.

Questions Fréquemment Posées

Qui est l'auteur de la nouvelle biographie sur Sappho ?

La biographie, intitulée 'Las nueve vidas de Safo', a été écrite par la philologue classique Laure de Chantal. Son travail se concentre sur la déconstruction des mythes historiques entourant l'ancienne poétesse.

Comment l'image de Sappho a-t-elle changé au fil de l'histoire ?

L'image de Sappho a été continuellement remodelée. Elle était une 'dixième muse' pour Platon, une sorcière païenne au Moyen Âge, un idéal classique à la Renaissance, une 'femme fatale' au XIXe siècle, et aujourd'hui une icône féministe et LGBT.

Quel mythe spécifique la biographie débunk-t-elle ?

La biographie remet en question la légende tenace selon laquelle Sappho s'est suicidée en sautant de la falaise de Leucade à cause d'un amour non partagé pour un homme plus jeune, la présentant comme une histoire apocryphale.

#literatura#historia#Grecia#Feminismo#poesía#Artículos Vanessa Graell

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