M
MercyNews
Home
Back
L'UE et la Chine naviguent dans les tensions commerciales
Economics

L'UE et la Chine naviguent dans les tensions commerciales

South China Morning Post23h ago
3 min de lecture
📋

Points Clés

  • Le Mécanisme d'Ajustement Carbone aux Frontières de l'Union européenne est officiellement passé de sa phase transitoire à une phase définitive, resserrant les exigences de conformité pour les importateurs.
  • Les autorités chinoises ont émis des avertissements concernant des contre-mesures potentielles en réponse aux nouvelles réglementations carbone aux frontières de l'UE.
  • L'Union européenne a fourni des directives spécifiques aux exportateurs chinois de véhicules électriques concernant la soumission de plans de prix minimums cette semaine.
  • La situation commerciale actuelle présente une juxtaposition unique de friction réglementaire croissante et de progrès diplomatique technique.
  • Le différend sur les véhicules électriques représente l'une des questions commerciales les plus médiatisées actuellement négociées entre les deux puissances économiques.

Résumé Rapide

L'année 2026 s'ouvre sur un mélange complexe de tension et de progression entre deux des plus grandes économies du monde. Alors que l'Union européenne et la Chine naviguent dans une nouvelle phase de leur relation commerciale, le paysage est défini par un conflit et une coopération simultanés.

Alors que les différends médiatisés continuent de mijoter, les négociations techniques avancent tranquillement. Cette juxtaposition souligne la nature complexe du commerce international moderne, où les intérêts stratégiques exigent souvent à la fois des positions fermes et des manœuvres diplomatiques.

Le Mécanisme d'Ajustement Carbone aux Frontières (CBAM) est officiellement passé d'une phase transitoire à une phase définitive. Ce changement de politique important de l'Union européenne signifie que les exigences de conformité ont été considérablement resserrées pour les importateurs.

Cette mesure n'est pas passée inaperçue à Pékin. Les autorités chinoises ont répondu par de forts avertissements, signalant leur intention d'envisager des contre-mesures si les nouvelles réglementations créent ce qu'elles perçoivent comme des barrières commerciales injustes. Le cœur du problème réside dans la conception du mécanisme :

  • De nouveaux standards de conformité stricts pour les marchandises à forte intensité carbone
  • Des exigences de rapports d'émissions détaillés
  • Des prélèvements financiers potentiels basés sur l'empreinte carbone
  • Des inquiétudes sur les implications protectionnistes

L'implémentation du CBAM représente une étape majeure dans la politique climatique de l'UE, visant à prévenir la « fuite carbone » en s'assurant que les marchandises importées affrontent un prix du carbone équivalent à celui de la production domestique.

Progrès sur le Différend des Véhicules Électriques

En marge des frictions sur la politique carbone, une négociation distincte mais tout aussi critique a connu un développement positif. Le différend de longue date concernant les véhicules électriques (VE) semble se diriger vers une résolution. Cette semaine, l'Union européenne a franchi une étape concrète pour faciliter ce processus.

Bruxelles a émis des directives spécifiques aux exportateurs chinois de VE. Les directives détaillent la procédure de soumission de plans de prix minimums, un mécanisme conçu pour répondre aux inquiétudes concernant les subventions d'État et la distorsion du marché. Cette assistance technique suggère la volonté de l'UE de trouver une solution praticable plutôt que de s'appuyer uniquement sur des tarifs punitifs.

La juxtaposition souligne le point : même lorsqu'un domaine médiatisé passe de l'escalade à la technique...

Ce développement indique que, bien que la rhétorique politique puisse rester ferme, les canaux techniques pour résoudre les différends commerciaux restent ouverts et actifs.

La Stratégie Duale

L'occurrence simultanée du coup de force du CBAM et des directives sur les VE illustre l'approche multifacette de l'Union européenne en matière de politique commerciale. Elle démontre que Bruxelles peut appliquer des mesures réglementaires strictes dans un secteur tout en engageant un dialogue technique constructif dans un autre.

Pour la Chine, cela présente un défi diplomatique complexe. Pékin doit équilibrer sa réponse à ce qu'il perçoit comme un empiétement réglementaire avec la nécessité de maintenir l'accès au marché lucratif européen pour son industrie des véhicules électriques en pleine croissance. La stratégie implique :

  1. Affirmer ses droits selon le droit commercial international
  2. Préparer des mesures de rétorsion potentielles
  3. Engager des pourparlers techniques pour préserver l'accès au marché
  4. Maintenir des canaux diplomatiques pour une coopération plus large

Cet acte d'équilibre délicat est caractéristique de l'environnement commercial mondial actuel, où l'interdépendance économique coexiste avec une compétition stratégique croissante.

Perspectives

Les événements du début de l'année 2026 suggèrent que la relation commerciale entre l'Union européenne et la Chine restera dynamique et sujette à des changements fréquents. La phase définitive du CBAM est désormais une réalité, et son impact complet sur les flux commerciaux et les relations diplomatiques se déroulera au cours des prochains mois.

Pendant ce temps, les progrès sur le différend des véhicules électriques offrent un modèle pour la manière dont les deux puissances pourraient gérer les futurs désaccords. En se concentrant sur des solutions techniques comme les plans de prix minimums, les deux parties pourraient trouver un moyen de désamorcer les tensions sans sacrifier leurs intérêts économiques fondamentaux. La question clé reste de savoir si cette approche à double voie de confrontation et de coopération peut soutenir un partenariat commercial stable.

Questions Fréquemment Posées

Qu'est-ce que le Mécanisme d'Ajustement Carbone aux Frontières ?

Le Mécanisme d'Ajustement Carbone aux Frontières (CBAM) est un outil politique de l'Union européenne conçu pour mettre un prix sur le carbone pour les importations de certaines marchandises. Il vise à prévenir la « fuite carbone » en s'assurant que les producteurs non-UE affrontent des coûts carbone similaires à ceux des producteurs de l'UE.

Comment l'UE aborde-t-elle le différend sur les véhicules électriques avec la Chine ?

L'UE a émis des directives aux exportateurs chinois de VE sur la manière de soumettre des plans de prix minimums. Cette étape technique fait partie d'un effort pour résoudre le différend sur les allégations de subventions d'État et de distorsion du marché sans recourir immédiatement aux tarifs.

Pourquoi la Chine a-t-elle averti de contre-mesures ?

La Chine a averti de contre-mesures en réponse à la mise en œuvre du CBAM par l'UE. Pékin considère le mécanisme comme une barrière commerciale potentielle qui pourrait impacter injustement les exportations chinoises.

Qu'est-ce que cela signifie pour le commerce mondial ?

Cette situation souligne la nature complexe des relations commerciales modernes, où la politique climatique, la compétition industrielle et les négociations diplomatiques se croisent. Cela suggère que les futurs accords commerciaux impliqueront de plus en plus de réglementations environnementales et de standards techniques.

Continue scrolling for more

L'IA transforme la recherche et les preuves mathématiques
Technology

L'IA transforme la recherche et les preuves mathématiques

L'intelligence artificielle passe d'une promesse à une réalité en mathématiques. Les modèles d'apprentissage génèrent désormais des théorèmes originaux, forçant une réévaluation de la recherche et de l'enseignement.

Just now
4 min
172
Read Article
Politics

Death toll from Iran's crackdown on protests jumps to at least 2,571, activists say

The figure analysts say dwarfs the death toll from any other round of protest or unrest in Iran in decades and recalls the chaos surrounding the country’s 1979 Islamic Revolution.

2h
3 min
0
Read Article
Greenlanders brace for summit that could shape the Arctic's future - and their own
Politics

Greenlanders brace for summit that could shape the Arctic's future - and their own

US Vice President JD Vance will host Danish and Greenlandic foreign ministers for talks on Wednesday.

2h
3 min
0
Read Article
Ben Horowitz says that investing teams shouldn't be 'too much bigger than basketball teams'
Technology

Ben Horowitz says that investing teams shouldn't be 'too much bigger than basketball teams'

Ben Horowitz said investment teams should be the size of a playing five in basketball. Phillip Faraone/Getty Images for WIRED Ben Horowitz said his rule of thumb is about five people on an investing team. He said Andreessen Horowitz maintains lean teams and strong communication across verticals. AI tools are enabling startups and VCs to thrive with fewer employees. Ben Horowitz is a big fan of tiny teams. On an episode of the A16z podcast, the Andreessen Horowitz cofounder shared how his venture capital firm maintains a lean operation despite being one of the world's largest. "An investing team shouldn't be too much bigger than a basketball team," he said, referring to advice he got from famed American investor David Swensen in 2009. He added, "A basketball team is five people who start, and the reason for that is the conversation around the investments really needs to be a conversation." Horowitz cofounded the Silicon Valley VC firm with Marc Andreessen in 2009. Before A16Z, he ran enterprise software company Opsware, which Hewlett-Packard acquired. A16z has backed marquee companies including Meta, Airbnb, GitHub, and Coinbase. The VC said he always kept the basketball team size in mind but also knew that the firm had to expand to keep up with how "software was eating the world," his signature phrase. The solution was to split the firm into different investment verticals. To maintain good communication, staff attend other teams' meetings when investment themes overlap. The firm also organizes a two to three-day offsite twice a year, "with not much agenda." Horowitz said that people who join them from other firms say that A16Z has "less politics" than firms with 10 or 11 people because his firm has a culture where politicking is "disincentivized." A16z might have been early to the tiny team trend, but it's catching on fast with VCs and startups across the world. Startups are actively seeking to stay small, with many having fewer than 10 people. Founders told Business Insider that AI and vibe coding tools have boosted their productivity, allowing them to get things done with far fewer people. Less politics and bureaucracy are also big pluses, they say. "We're going to see 10-person companies with billion-dollar valuations pretty soon," OpenAI CEO Sam Altman said in February 2024. "In my little group chat with my tech CEO friends, there's this betting pool for the first year there is a one-person billion-dollar company, which would've been unimaginable without AI. And now will happen." Read the original article on Business Insider

2h
3 min
0
Read Article
Tempest: American Missile Buggy Scores 20+ Kills in Ukraine
World_news

Tempest: American Missile Buggy Scores 20+ Kills in Ukraine

A new American off-road buggy equipped with guided missiles has entered service in Ukraine, where crews report significant success against Russian drone threats. The Tempest system offers mobile air defense against Shahed loitering munitions.

2h
5 min
2
Read Article
Jennifer Lawrence says a 15-minute compromise helps her and her husband make their differences work
Entertainment

Jennifer Lawrence says a 15-minute compromise helps her and her husband make their differences work

Jennifer Lawrence Christopher Polk/2026GG/Penske Media via Getty Images Jennifer Lawrence, 35, says she married someone who is the "opposite" of her. While he is good at sticking to a schedule, it's something she finds challenging, she said. "But we've learned, to keep our marriage alive, I have a 15-minute wiggle room," Lawrence said. Jennifer Lawrence, 35, says one small compromise helps balance her free-spirited personality with her husband's love of structure. "I married somebody who is the opposite of me. He is so organized," Lawrence said during an appearance on Tuesday's episode of the "Smartless" podcast. "He's an anchor. Everything is ordered, like on the sink. Like I have to, you know, like keep the closet doors closed, and I have like my little jobs that I work really hard to do," she said. When asked which of her habits frustrates her husband the most, Lawrence said it was her struggle with timing. "The schedule. So, our kids. I mean, I get it now. I get it. But like they're on a very strict schedule, you know? It's like breakfast, 7:30," the "Hunger Games" actor said. While her husband is good at sticking to a schedule, especially when it comes to their kids, it's something she finds challenging, Lawrence said. "He's good at keeping it. But we've learned, to keep our marriage alive, I have a 15-minute wiggle room," she said. Lawrence has two sons with her husband, Cooke Maroney, whom she married in 2019. This is not the first time that she has talked about her family life. Speaking with Cameron Diaz for Interview magazine in 2021, Lawrence said becoming a mother has made her more selective when it comes to choosing her projects. "There's no squeezing when you have a baby. There's just home, and it's the best. It definitely helps weed out projects: 'Yes. No. Yes. No. Yes. No. Is this worth being away from my child for half the day?'" she said. Lawrence also credited her husband with making things easier for her as a working mother. "Yeah, and fortunately, my husband is the greatest father in the entire world, so when I'm working, I don't have any more guilt than the usual every day, all-day parent guilt," she said. Lawrence also told Vanity Fair in 2021 that one of her favorite activities is going to the grocery store with her husband. "I don't know why but it fills me with a lot of joy. I think maybe because it's almost a metaphor for marriage. 'Okay, we've got this list. These are the things we need. Let's work together and get this done.'" Lawrence said. Read the original article on Business Insider

2h
3 min
0
Read Article
Iran’s Leaders May Survive Protests. But Anger Will Likely Persist.
Politics

Iran’s Leaders May Survive Protests. But Anger Will Likely Persist.

Its security forces have brutally defended the Islamic Republic, but the protests show that many Iranians consider it stagnant and ideologically hollow.

2h
3 min
0
Read Article
Creator income inequality is rising as top influencers rake in big paydays from brands
Economics

Creator income inequality is rising as top influencers rake in big paydays from brands

Top creator Jimmy Donaldson, a.k.a. MrBeast, at the "Beast Games" season 2 premiere. JC Olivera/Variety via Getty Images Creator income inequality is rising, with the top 1% earning 21% of brand spending, per new CreatorIQ data. The trend has continued in each of the last two years. Big brands often favor top creators, making it harder for smaller influencers to compete. Creators are raking in the ad dollars — but the wealth is being shared less and less equally. New data from the influencer-marketing platform CreatorIQ shows that the income gap in the creator economy is widening. The top 10% of creators on CreatorIQ's platform received 62% of ad payments in 2025, up from 53% in 2023. Similarly, the top 1% received 21% of the total ad payment volume, up from 15% in 2023. CreatorIQ, which included the 2025 data in a new report released on Wednesday, examined 65,000 payments over a three-year period from brands and agencies to creators who received flat payments through its software. The data reflects an overall pattern in the creator economy. Brands are shifting more of their marketing dollars to creators, with payments more than doubling over the last two years in CreatorIQ's dataset. Overall, US advertiser spending on creators was expected to hit $37 billion in 2025, according to a November report from the Interactive Advertising Bureau. At the same time, much of the ad money is going to a relatively narrow segment of top talent. While many creators also make money outside influencer marketing — such as from subscriptions or direct payments from platforms like YouTube — brand sponsorships are generally the industry's top revenue source. Jasmine Enberg, cofounder and co-CEO of Scalable, a new media company focused on the creator economy, said the numbers show the industry is starting to resemble traditional entertainment, where top players rake in substantial sums, leaving smaller ones to compete for the leftovers. Enberg said the divide would only grow as big creators get larger projects, such as TV campaigns or Netflix deals. "We need to empower brands to diversify their investment more confidently," Brit Starr, CMO of CreatorIQ, said of the industry. CreatorIQ's survey of 300 creators found that only 11% earned $100,000 or more. About one-quarter of the creators surveyed fell into each of the "$50,000 to $100,000" and the "$25,000 to $50,000" categories. CreatorIQ's report included additional data points that help explain the current dynamics of the creator economy. The number of creators receiving payments within CreatorIQ's network more than doubled from 2023 to 2025, which could indicate an overall surge in influencers entering the market. While the average earnings per creator rose to $11,400 in 2025 from $9,200 in 2023, the median actually declined slightly, from $3,500 to $3,000. That suggests that top creators are pulling the average higher, while the typical creator is earning less. What's driving the pay gap Enberg said major advertisers have contributed to the sector's income inequality because they're more likely to allocate their budgets to a small number of top creators. Talent managers who spoke with Business Insider said earnings distribution had been lumpy. Budgets have definitely grown, but they haven't kept pace with the expansion of the creator population, said Kyle Hjelmeseth, CEO of G&B Digital Management. "There are now many more small accounts that will take $25 to post, for example," he said. Meanwhile, advertisers often spend a large chunk of their influencer budgets directly with social media platforms, making it harder for creators — especially smaller ones — to develop direct and potentially lasting relationships with brands, creator-industry insiders said. Becca Bahrke, the CEO of Illuminate Social, a creator management firm, said the CreatorIQ payment concentration data reflect what she's seeing among her own clients. She said she'd seen some full-time creators take the off-ramp to a different job. "You may have earned over $400,000 in one year, but if you're not showing up consistently on the platform, treating it as a full-time job, you can see the earnings fall," Bahrke said. "It's a lot of work. It's not for the faint of heart." Read the original article on Business Insider

2h
3 min
0
Read Article
Scientists confirm 2025 was third-hottest year on record
Science

Scientists confirm 2025 was third-hottest year on record

2025 saw a cooling phase in the equatorial Pacific Ocean, yet heat from greenhouse gases countered that cooling enough that the year still was among the warmest.

2h
3 min
0
Read Article
С больным сидеть и день и ночь // Система долговременного ухода за пожилыми присматривается к зарплате граждан
Economics

С больным сидеть и день и ночь // Система долговременного ухода за пожилыми присматривается к зарплате граждан

Опубликованная в «Финансовом журнале» НИФИ Минфина статья «Финансирование долговременного ухода в России: возможен ли переход к страховой модели?» предлагает расчеты нескольких сценариев, в которых работа системы долговременного ухода (СДУ) будет покрываться дополнительными соцвзносами. Изъять необходимые суммы в размере 0,5–3 трлн руб. в год из фонда оплаты труда предлагается добавочными платежами по ставке от 1% до 5% зарплаты в зависимости от охвата ухода. Дискуссия о средствах для системы ведется с самого начала ее реализации, но сама она уже вписана в нацпроект, а при напряженном бюджете рассчитывать на ее финансирование за счет нынешних госдоходов вряд ли можно, так что де-факто авторы поднимают вопрос о том, сколько и за какой уход в старости граждане готовы доплатить.

2h
3 min
0
Read Article
🎉

You're all caught up!

Check back later for more stories

Retour a l'accueil