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El viaje de Estrela: El recorrido de 120 km de un muriqui a casa
Ciencia

El viaje de Estrela: El recorrido de 120 km de un muriqui a casa

G1 Globo18h ago
3 min de lectura
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Hechos Clave

  • Estrela viajó aproximadamente 120 kilómetros desde su hábitat natural.
  • El muriqui del norte está en peligro crítico, con menos de 1.000 individuos restantes.
  • Estuvo desaparecida durante meses, con avistamientos reportados en varios municipios.
  • El equipo de rescate incluyó biólogos, veterinarios y técnicos ambientales.
  • Estrela fue monitoreada por el Instituto de Biodiversidad Muriqui desde su nacimiento.
  • La especie es un dispersor de semillas vital para el Bosque Atlántico brasileño.

Un viaje a casa

Durante meses, un pequeño grupo de investigadores y residentes del este de Minas Gerais mantuvo la esperanza. Su objeto de estudio: Estrela, una hembra de muriqui del norte que había desaparecido de su hábitat protegido. Lo que siguió no fue solo una búsqueda, sino el rastreo de un épico viaje a través del Bosque Atlántico brasileño.

La historia de Estrela es de supervivencia, instinto y el dedicado esfuerzo humano para proteger a uno de los primates más amenazados del mundo. Su exitoso rescate subraya la frágil existencia de su especie y las medidas extremas a las que los conservacionistas están dispuestos a llegar para asegurar su futuro.

La desaparición

La búsqueda comenzó en julio del año pasado. Estrela, que vivía en la Reserva Particular Mata do Sossego en Simonésia, abandonó la seguridad del bosque. Este comportamiento, aunque natural para los muriquis que buscan nuevos grupos para reproducirse, conlleva un inmenso riesgo fuera de las áreas protegidas.

Lo que hizo extraordinario el caso de Estrela fue la distancia que cubrió. Durante varios meses, fue rastreada a través de múltiples municipios, cubriendo una asombrosa 120 kilómetros. Su ruta la llevó a través de:

  • Manhuaçu y el distrito de Santa Luzia
  • Caratinga, cerca del aeropuerto local
  • La comunidad rural de Córrego dos Campinhos

Su avistamiento final fue casi accidental. El residente local Eduardo Campos inicialmente la confundió con otra especie de ave hasta que su hermana detectó al primate en el patio de la granja.

"Es un equipo con varios frentes: personas monitoreando, personas preparadas para escalar el árbol y veterinarios esperando. Al animal había que anestesiarlo porque estaba alto en el árbol, lo cual requiere mucho cuidado. Afortunadamente, todo salió bien".

— Theo Anderson, Biólogo

Un rescate de precisión

La confirmación de la ubicación de Estrela desencadenó una operación cuidadosamente coordinada. El equipo de rescate funcionó como una UCI móvil, reuniendo múltiples disciplinas para asegurar una captura segura.

El biólogo Theo Anderson describió la complejidad de la misión. "Al animal había que anestesiarlo porque estaba en lo alto de un árbol, lo cual requiere mucho cuidado", explicó. El equipo tuvo que monitorear la situación, preparar a los escaladores y tener a los veterinarios listos para la acción inmediata.

La situación exigía extrema precaución. Incluso después de ser alcanzada por un dardo tranquilizante, los instintos de supervivencia de Estrela la mantuvieron firmemente adherida a su rama. Para evitar una peligrosa caída, el equipo tomó la difícil decisión de cortar cuidadosamente la rama misma antes de asegurarla.

"Es un equipo con varios frentes: personas monitoreando, personas preparadas para escalar el árbol y veterinarios esperando. Al animal había que anestesiarlo porque estaba alto en el árbol, lo cual requiere mucho cuidado. Afortunadamente, todo salió bien".

Evaluación médica

Tras el rescate, Estrela fue transportada a una granja cercana para su estabilización. Allí, la veterinaria Laura Castro lideró una exhaustiva evaluación clínica, verificando signos vitales, peso, altura y salud general.

El pronóstico fue excelente. Según la Dra. Castro, Estrela respondió bien a la anestesia y se revirtió rápidamente. Sus frecuencias cardíaca y respiratoria estaban dentro de los rangos normales. Aunque estaba ligeramente deshidratada, un problema común después de semejante calvario, se esperaba que se resolviera naturalmente a su regreso al bosque.

El Instituto de Biodiversidad Muriqui (MIB), que ha monitoreado a Estrela desde su nacimiento, orquestó la atención médica. Para el presidente del instituto, el biólogo Marcelo Nery, el rescate encarna su misión principal.

"Este instituto nació de una pasión por esta especie. No admitimos que el muriqui se extinga. Cuando logramos una acción exitosa como esta, devolviendo una hembra reproductiva al grupo, es un sentimiento de éxtasis para todo el equipo".

Especies al borde del abismo

La urgencia del rescate de Estrela se arraiga en el estado crítico de su especie. El muriqui del norte es un primate que se encuentra exclusivamente en el Bosque Atlántico brasileño, donde juega un papel vital como dispersor de semillas, ayudando a mantener el equilibrio ecológico del bioma.

Las estimaciones actuales sugieren que menos de 1.000 individuos permanecen en la naturaleza, viviendo en fragmentos aislados de bosque. Esto hace que cada hembra reproductiva, como Estrela, sea de importancia crítica para la supervivencia de la especie.

La investigadora Fernanda Tabacow, que ha rastreado a Estrela desde su nacimiento, enfatizó las apuestas. "Esta hembra hace una gran diferencia. Hemos estado monitoreando a Estrela desde que nació. Tiene un enorme potencial para la reproducción de la especie. Después de meses sabiendo que estaba en riesgo, lograr alcanzarla es una emoción indescriptible".

Reunión emotiva

Después de meses de incertidumbre, el momento del recuperación estuvo cargado de emoción para el equipo. El alivio de encontrar a Estrela a salvo fue palpable.

La Dra. Laura Castro admitió el peso del momento. "Es muy emotivo. Dan ganas de llorar, pero en ese momento necesitaba cuidarla. Saber que estará bien y que hicimos todo por ella es muy gratificante", dijo.

Para Fernanda Tabacow, la conexión fue aún más profunda. Haber puesto nombre a Estrela y haberla visto crecer, el rescate se sintió como un momento crucial para los esfuerzos de conservación.

"La vi nacer, le puse ese nombre. Seguí toda su vida. Saber que tendrá otra oportunidad, que estamos todos unidos en favor de la biodiversidad y de este primate muy brasileño y muy amenazado, es un enorme alivio. Este es un primer paso para cambiar la historia de la especie".

Mirando hacia adelante

Con su salud asegurada y sus fuerzas recuperándose, Estrela enfrenta el tramo final de su viaje: la reintegración. Será liberada de regreso al bosque, donde los conservacionistas esperan que cumpla su propósito biológico.

La expectativa es que Estrela se reincorpore a un grupo social y contribuya a la reproducción de su especie en peligro crítico. Su odisea de 120 km, aunque peligrosa, no terminó en tragedia, sino en un compromiso renovado para preservar al muriqui. Para el equipo del MIB y la comunidad de conservación en general, Estrela representa la esperanza: un símbolo vivo de que el esfuerzo dedicado aún puede cambiar el destino de una especie al borde del abismo.

"Este instituto nació de una pasión por esta especie. No admitimos que el muriqui se extinga. Cuando logramos una acción exitosa como esta, devolviendo una hembra reproductiva al grupo, es un sentimiento de éxtasis para todo el equipo".

— Marcelo Nery, Presidente, Instituto Muriqui
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