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Brasil fija el salario mínimo en R$1,621 para 2026
Economics

Brasil fija el salario mínimo en R$1,621 para 2026

G1 GloboDec 24
3 min de lectura
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Hechos Clave

  • El presidente Lula firmó el Decreto No. 12.797, fijando el salario mínimo en R$1,621 para 2026.
  • El nuevo valor representa un aumento de R$103 sobre la tasa actual de R$1,518.
  • El ajuste se basa en una inflación del 4,18% más un aumento real del 2,5%.
  • Se proyecta que el aumento agregará R$43,2 mil millones al gasto público obligatorio en 2026.
  • Aproximadamente 59,9 millones de personas utilizan el salario mínimo como referencia para sus ingresos.

Resumen Rápido

El gobierno brasileño ha publicado oficialmente el nuevo valor del salario mínimo para 2026. El presidente Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva firmó el Decreto No. 12.797, estableciendo el nuevo piso nacional en R$1,621 a partir del 1 de enero de 2026. El decreto fue publicado en el Diario Oficial el 24 de diciembre de 2025.

El ajuste representa un aumento de R$103 en comparación con el valor actual de R$1,518. Los trabajadores que reciben el salario mínimo o beneficios vinculados a este valor, como el seguro de desempleo y el Beneficio Continuo (BPC), recibirán el monto ajustado a principios de febrero. El cálculo de este aumento se basó en la tasa de inflación del 4,18% medida por el INPC hasta noviembre, más un aumento real del 2,5%.

Esta política impacta significativamente la economía, sirviendo como referencia para 59,9 millones de personas. Sin embargo, el aumento también impacta las cuentas públicas, con un aumento estimado de R$43,2 mil millones en gastos obligatorios para el próximo año.

Decreto Oficial y Nuevo Valor

El Diario Oficial publicó el Decreto No. 12.797 el miércoles 24 de diciembre. El documento fue firmado por el presidente Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva y autoriza oficialmente el ajuste del salario mínimo nacional.

Con efecto a partir del 1 de enero de 2026, el valor aumentará de R$1,518 a R$1,621. Esto representa un aumento monetario de R$103. El ajuste se aplica a todos los trabajadores formales y se extiende a diversas prestaciones sociales.

Los beneficiarios verán el nuevo valor reflejado en sus pagos a partir de principios de febrero. Esto incluye:

  • Trabajadores contratados que ganan el salario mínimo
  • Receptores de seguro de desempleo
  • Beneficiarios del Beneficio Continuo (BPC)

Metodología de Cálculo

La determinación del salario mínimo de 2026 siguió una metodología específica que involucró datos de inflación y límites de crecimiento económico. El gobierno utilizó el Índice Nacional de Precios al Consumidor (INPC) para medir la inflación.

Si el gobierno hubiera seguido únicamente la regla constitucional, que ordena el ajuste por inflación, el valor habría sido de aproximadamente R$1,582. Sin embargo, la administración actual implementó una política para aumentar el salario más allá de la inflación.

El cálculo involucró dos componentes principales:

  1. Inflación medida por el INPC durante 12 meses hasta noviembre (4,18%).
  2. El índice de crecimiento real del Producto Interno Bruto (PIB) de los dos años anteriores, limitado al 2,5% debido al marco fiscal.

La combinación de estos factores resultó en el valor final de R$1,621.

Impacto Económico y Cuentas Públicas

El ajuste del salario mínimo tiene un efecto profundo en la economía brasileña y las finanzas públicas. Según notas técnicas del Dieese (Departamento de Estudios Sindicales y Socioeconómicos), el salario mínimo sirve como referencia para 59,9 millones de personas en el país.

Mientras que el aumento impulsa el poder adquisitivo de los trabajadores, también aumenta el gasto federal. Esto se debe a que muchas prestaciones, como las pensiones de jubilación y el abono salarial, están legalmente vinculadas al valor del salario mínimo.

El impacto fiscal es sustancial:

  • Por cada aumento de R$1 en el salario mínimo, el gasto público aumenta aproximadamente R$420 millones en 2026.
  • El aumento total de R$103 corresponde a un crecimiento de aproximadamente R$43,2 mil millones en gastos obligatorios.

Este aumento en el gasto obligatorio reduce los recursos disponibles para el gasto discrecional del gobierno, afectando potencialmente las políticas federales.

Contexto y Comparación Histórica

La Constitución ordena que el salario mínimo sea capaz de satisfacer las necesidades vitales básicas de un trabajador y su familia, incluyendo vivienda, alimentación, educación y salud. También requiere ajustes periódicos para preservar el poder adquisitivo.

Bajo las administraciones de Michel Temer y Jair Bolsonaro, el ajuste siguió estrictamente la regla de inflación, resultando en ninguna ganancia real para los trabajadores. En contraste, la administración actual ha retornado a una política de valoración salarial.

A pesar del ajuste, el Dieese calcula que el salario mínimo necesario para mantener a una familia de cuatro en noviembre de este año habría sido de R$7,067.18, lo cual es 4,66 veces el piso nacional actual. Algunos economistas argumentan que desvincular las prestaciones de seguridad social del salario mínimo podría ayudar a controlar el crecimiento de la deuda pública.

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